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Mackay pop. 78 700 is a city and Local Government Area on the eastern coast of Queensland, Australia, about 900 kilometres north of Brisbane, on the Pioneer River. Mackay is nicknamed the sugar capital of Australia because it produces more than a third of Australia's sugar. The city has an average temperature of 23 degrees Celsius. One of the first Europeans to travel through the Mackay region was Captain James Cook, who reached the Mackay coast on June 1, 1770 and named several local landmarks, including Cape Palmerston, Slade Point and Cape Hillsborough. It was during this trip that The Endeavour's botanist, Sir Joseph Banks, briefly recorded seeing Aborigines. The City of Mackay was later founded on Yuibera traditional lands. Although several other maritime explorers sailed through the waters off Mackay, it was not until 1860 when moves were made to claim the region’s virgin pastures. Mining constitutes around one third (AU$1500 million) of the Mackay region's annual gross product largely because of the coal loading terminals to the south at Hay Point, its proximity to the Bowen (Coal) Basin and the regional mining centres of Moranbah, Dysart, Clermont, and Glenden. Retail sales and trade create around AU$430 million of production in the Mackay region annually. AU$70 million of these trades are attributed to tourism. Though extensive amounts of land around Mackay are used for growing sugarcane, agriculture (including crops, livestock and forestry) constitutes only 6.4% (AU$300 million) of Mackay's annual gross production.